The work of V. Lenin is profoundly multi-layered and extensive, with theoretical approaches that are equally rigorous and grounded in praxis. Yet, Lenin’s most pivotal contribution resides in the theoretical resolution he offered to the concrete, immediate contradictions confronting the communist and revolutionary movement(s). Central to this is Lenin’s theorization of the “Vanguard party” a concept that directly intervenes in the practical struggle. As a committed revolutionary himself, Lenin confronted the challenge of organizing proletarian action and the question of the further development of the state’s structure. The “Vanguard party” emerged as a strategic response to these contradictions. Within Leninist theory, the party constitutes both the end and the means of revolutionary transformation. Communist parties endeavor to approximate as closely as possible the ideal party form outlined by Lenin, aiming to embody “the Party” itself. Moreover, each revolutionary party serves as an indispensable tool through which the working class can overthrow the capitalistic order and realize socialism. This article, situated within the context of the contemporary crisis of parties, highlights the transformative potency of Leninist party theory and explores its relevance and application today, primarily through a critical comparison between the Vanguard party and alternative party forms, drawing lessons from the Leninist tradition to address the ongoing party crisis.
* Η Αιμιλία Βήλου είναι υποψήφια διδακτόρισσα Πολιτικής Επιστήμης στο Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Επιστημονική Συνεργάτιδα του ΕΝΑ Ινστιτούτο Εναλλακτικών Πολιτικών.